Minden, amit tudnia kell a CSS-változókról

A legtöbb programozási nyelv támogatja a változókat. De sajnos a CSS-től kezdettől fogva hiányzik a natív változók támogatása.

CSS-t írsz? Akkor nincsenek változók az Ön számára. Nos, kivéve, ha olyan előfeldolgozót használtál, mint Sass.

Az olyan előfeldolgozók, mint a Sass, nagy kiegészítőként értékesítik a változók használatát. Ok kipróbálni őket. És tudod mit? Ez elég rohadt ok.

Nos, a web gyorsan mozog. Örömmel jelenthetem, hogy a CSS most végre támogatja a változókat .

Míg az előfeldolgozók sokkal több funkciót támogatnak, a CSS-változók hozzáadása jó. Ez még közelebb hozza az internetet a jövőhöz.

Ebben az útmutatóban megmutatom, hogyan működnek natívan a változók a CSS-ben, és hogyan használhatja őket az életed sokkal könnyebbé tételére.

Amit megtanulsz

Először végigvezetem a CSS-változók alapjain. Úgy gondolom, hogy a CSS-változók megértésének minden tisztességes kísérletét itt kell elkezdeni.

Az alapok megtanulása klassz. Ami még jó, hogy ezeket az alapokat alkalmazza a valós alkalmazások készítéséhez.

Tehát összefoglalom a dolgokat azzal, hogy bemutatom, hogyan lehet felépíteni 3 olyan projektet, amelyek bemutatják a CSS-változókat és azok egyszerű használatát. Itt található ennek a 3 projektnek a gyors áttekintése.

1. projekt: Komponensvariációk létrehozása CSS-változók segítségével

Lehet, hogy már ma épít alkatrészváltozatokat. Akár React, Angular vagy Vue használ, a CSS-változók egyszerűbbé teszik ezt a folyamatot.

Nézze meg a projektet a Codepen oldalon.

2. projekt: Témastílusok CSS-változókkal

Valószínűleg látta ezt valahol. Megmutatom, hogy a CSS-változók mennyire teszik lehetővé az egész webhelyre kiterjedő témastílusok létrehozását.

Nézze meg a projektet a Codepen oldalon.

3. projekt: A CSS változó fülke építése?

Ez a végleges projekt. Ne bánja a nevet. Jobb nevet nem tudtam kitalálni.

Figyelje meg, hogy a dobozok színei hogyan dinamikusan frissülnek, és hogyan forog a doboz tároló 3D térben, amikor a tartomány bemenete megváltozik.

Ez a projekt bemutatja a CSS-változók egyszerű frissítését a JavaScript-sel és a vele kapott reaktív finomságokkal.

Ez mókás lesz!

Töltsön el egy kis időt szórakozással a Codepen-en.

Megjegyzés: A cikk feltételezi, hogy jól ismeri a CSS-t. Ha nem ismeri nagyon jól a CSS-t, vagy meg akarja tanulni, hogy állkapocs-leeső felhasználói felületeket hozzon létre, akkor azt javaslom, hogy vegyen részt az Advanced CSS tanfolyamon (fizetett tanfolyam, amely 85 tanórát tartalmaz). Ez a cikk a tanfolyam részlete. ?

Miért olyan fontosak a változók?

Ha még nem ismeri az előfeldolgozók vagy a natív CSS változatait, íme néhány oka annak, hogy a változók fontosak.

1. ok: olvashatóbb kód

Anélkül, hogy sokat mondana, gyorsan elmondhatja, hogy az olvasható és karbantarthatóbb változók milyen kódalapot alkotnak.

2. ok: A nagy dokumentumok változásának egyszerűsége

Ha az összes állandót külön fájlba menti, akkor nem kell több ezer sornyi kódot átugornia, amikor változtatni szeretne egy változón.

Nagyon könnyűvé válik. Csak változtassa meg egy helyen, és voilà.

3. ok: Gyorsabban észlelheti az elírási hibákat

Fájdalmas a kódsorok között keresgélni, és megpróbálnak hibát észlelni. Még bosszantóbb, ha a hibát egyszerű elírási hiba okozta. Nehéz észrevenni őket. A változók megfelelő használata kiküszöböli ezeket a problémákat.

Ebből a célból az olvashatóság és a karbantarthatóság a nagy győzelem.

A CSS-változóknak köszönhetően most már rendelkezhetünk velük natív CSS-sel is.

CSS-változók meghatározása

Hadd kezdjek valamivel, amit már ismerhet: változók a JavaScript-ben.

Egy egyszerű JavaScript változó deklarálható így:

var amAwesome;

és akkor hozzá lehet rendelni valamilyen értéket, például:

amAwesome = "awesome string"

A CSS-ben a CSS változó minden olyan „tulajdonság”, amelynek neve két kötőjellel kezdődik.

/*can you spot the variable here? */.block { color: #8cacea;--color: blue}

A CSS-változók hatóköre

Van még egy dolog, amire felhívhatja a figyelmét.

Ne feledje, hogy a JavaScript-ben a változóknak van hatóköre. Vagy lehet, globalvagy localhatókörük.

Ugyanez mondható el a CSS-változókról is.

Tekintsük az alábbi példát:

:root { --main-color: red}

A :rootválasztó lehetővé teszi a DOM vagy a dokumentumfa legmagasabb szintű elemének megcélzását.

Tehát az így deklarált változók a globális hatókörbe tartoznak.

Megvan?

1. példa

Feltételezve, hogy létre akart hozni egy CSS változót, amely egy tematikus webhely elsődleges színét tárolta.

Hogy csinálnád ezt?

1. Hozza létre a hatókör választót. Használja :root'globális' változóhoz

:root { }

2. Define the variable

:root { --primary-color: red}

Remember, a CSS variable is any “property” whose name begins with two dashes e.g --color

That was simple.

Using CSS Variables

Once a variable has been defined and assigned a value, you can go ahead and use it within a property value.

There’s a bit of a gotcha though.

If you’re coming from the world of preprocessors, you must be used to using a variable by just referencing its name. For example:

$font-size: 20px.test { font-size: $font-size}

With native CSS variables, things are a little different. You reference a variable by using the var() function.

With the example above, using CSS Variables will yield this:

:root { --font-size: 20px}.test { font-size: var(--font-size)}

Quite different.

Once you get that out of the way, you’ll start to love CSS variables - a lot!

Another important note is that, unlike variables in Sass (or other preprocessors) — where you can use the variables in a lot of places, and do math like you want — you need to be careful with CSS variables. You’ll mostly have them set as property values.

/*this is wrong*/.margin {--side: margin-top;var(--side): 20px;}

You also can’t do math. You need the CSS calc() function for that. I’ll discuss examples as we proceed.

/*this is wrong */.margin {--space: 20px * 2;font-size: var(--space); //not 40px}

If you must do math, then use the calc() function like so:

.margin {--space: calc(20px * 2);font-size: var(--space); /*equals 40px*/}

Properties Worthy of Mention

Here are some behaviors that are worth mentioning.

1. Custom properties are ordinary properties, so they can be declared on any element.

Declare them on a paragraph element, section, aside, root, or even pseudo elements. They’ll work as expected.

2. CSS variables are resolved with the normal inheritance and cascade rules

Consider the block of code below:

div { --color: red;}div.test { color: var(--color)}div.ew { color: var(--color)}

As with normal variables, the --color value will be inherited by the divs.

3. CSS variables can be made conditional with @media and other conditional rules

As with other properties, you can change the value of a CSS variable within a @media block or other conditional rules.

For example, the following code changes the value of the variable, gutter on larger devices.

:root { --gutter: 10px }@media screen and (min-width: 768px) { --gutter: 30px}

4. CSS variables can be used in HTML’s style attribute.

You can choose to set the value of your variables inline, and they’ll still work as expected.

;body { color: var(--color)}

CSS variables are case-sensitive. Be careful with this one. I save myself the stress and write variables in the lower case. Your mileage may differ.

/*these are two different variables*/:root { --color: blue;--COLOR: red;}

Resolving Multiple Declarations

As with other properties, multiple declarations are resolved with the standard cascade.

Let’s see an example:

/*define the variables*/:root { --color: blue; }div { --color: green; }#alert { --color: red; }/*use the variable */* { color: var(--color); }

With the variable declarations above, what will be the color of the following elements?

What's my color?
 and me? What's my color too? 
color?

Can you figure that out?

The first paragraph will be blue. There is no direct --color definition set on a p selector, so it inherits the value from :root

:root { --color: blue; }

The first div will be green . That’s pretty clear. There’s a direct variable definition set on the div

div { --color: green; }

The div with the ID of alert will NOT be green. It will be red

#alert { --color: red; }

The ID has a direct variable scoping. As such, the value within the definition will override the others. The selector #alert is more specific.

Finally, the p within the #alert will be… red

There’s no variable declaration on the paragraph element. You may have expected the color to be blue owing to the declaration on the :root element.

:root { --color: blue; }

As with other properties, CSS variables are inherited. The value is inherited from the parent, #alert

#alert { --color: red; }

Resolving Cyclic Dependencies

A cyclic dependency occurs in the following ways:

1. When a variable depends on itself. That is, it uses a var() that refers to itself.

:root { --m: var(--m)}body { margin: var(--m)}

2. When two or more variables refer to each other.

:root { --one: calc(var(--two) + 10px); --two: calc(var(--one) - 10px);}

Be careful not to create cyclic dependencies within your code.

What Happens with Invalid Variables?

Syntax errors are discarded, but invalid var() substitutions default to either the initial or inherited value of the property in question.

Consider the following:

:root { --color: 20px; }p { background-color: red; }p { background-color: var(--color); }

As expected, --color is substituted into var() but the property value, background-color: 20px is invalid after the substitution. Since background-color isn’t an inheritable property, the value will default to its initial value of transparent.

Note that if you had written background-color: 20px without any variable substitutes, the particular background declaration would have been invalid. The previous declaration will then be used.

Be Careful While Building Single Tokens

When you set the value of a property as indicated below, the 20px is interpreted as a single token.

font-size: 20px

A simple way to put that is, the value 20px is seen as a single ‘entity.’

You need to be careful when building single tokens with CSS variables.

For example, consider the following block of code:

:root { --size: 20}div { font-size: var(--size)px /*WRONG*/}

You may have expected the value of font-size to yield 20px, but that is wrong.

The browser interprets this as 20 px

Note the space after the 20

Thus, if you must create single tokens, have a variable represent the entire token. For example, --size: 20px, or use the calc function e.g calc(var(--size) * 1px) where --size is equal to 20

Don’t worry if you don’t get this yet. I’ll explain it in more detail in a coming example.

Let’s build stuff!

Now this is the part of the article we’ve been waiting for.

I’ll walk you through practical applications of the concepts discussed by building a few useful projects.

Let’s get started.

Project 1: Creating Component Variations using CSS Variables

Consider the case where you need to build two different buttons. Same base styles, just a bit of difference.

In this case, the properties that differ are the background-color and border-color of the variant.

So, how would you do this?

Here’s the typical solution.

Create a base class, say .btn and add the variant classes. Here’s an example markup:

HelloHello

.btn would contain the base styles on the button. For example:

.btn { padding: 2rem 4rem; border: 2px solid black; background: transparent; font-size: 0.6em; border-radius: 2px;}

/*on hover */.btn:hover { cursor: pointer; background: black; color: white;}

So, where does the variant come in?

Here:

/* variations */.btn.red { border-color: red}.btn.red:hover { background: red}

You see how we are duplicating code here and there? This is good, but we could make it better with CSS variables.

What’s the first step?

Substitute the varying colors with CSS variables, and don’t forget to add default values for the variables!

.btn { padding: 2rem 4rem; border: 2px solid var(--color, black); background: transparent; font-size: 0.6em; border-radius: 2px; }

 /*on hover*/ .btn:hover { cursor: pointer; background: var(--color, black); color: white; }

When you do this: background: var(--color, black)you’re saying, set the background to the value of the variable --color . However, if the variable doesn't exist, use the default value of black

This is how you set default variable values. Just like you do in JavaScript or any other programming language.

Here’s the good part.

With the variants, you just supply the new value of the CSS variable as under:

.btn.red { --color: red }

That’s all. Now when the .red class is used, the browser notes the different --color variable value, and immediately updates the appearance of the button.

This is really good if you spend a lot of time building reusable components.

Here’s a side by side comparison:

Oh, and if you had more variants, you just saved yourself a lot of extra typing.

Project 2: Themed Sites with CSS Variables

I’m sure you’ve come across them before. Themed sites give the user the feel of customization. Like they are in control.

Below is the basic example we’ll build.

So, how easy do the CSS variables make this?

We’ll have a look.

Just before that, I wanted to mention that this example is quite important. With this example, I’ll introduce the concept of updating CSS variables with JavaScript.

It is fun!

You’ll love it.

What we really want to do.

The beauty of CSS variables is their reactive nature . As soon as they are updated, whatever property has the value of the CSS variable gets updated as well.

Conceptually, here’s an image that explains the process with regards to the example at hand.

So, we need some JavaScript for the click listener.

For this simple example, the background and color of the text of the entire page is based off of CSS variables.

When you click any of the buttons above, they set the CSS variable to some other color. As a result of that, the background of the page is updated.

Hey, that’s all there is to it.

Uh, one more thing.

When I say the CSS variable is set to some other value, how’s that done?

CSS variables will take effect even if they are set inline. With JavaScript, we get a hold of the root document, and we set the new value for the CSS variable inline.

Got that?

That’s a lot of talking — let’s do the real thing.

The initial markup

The initial markup needed is this:

 dark calm light ...

The markup consists of three buttons within a .theme parent element. To keep things short I have truncated the content within the article element. Within this article element is the content of the page.

Styling the Page

The success of this project begins with the styling of the page. The trick is simple.

Instead of just setting the background-color and color of the page in stone, we will set them based on variables.

Here’s what I mean.

body { background-color: var(--bg, white); color: var(--bg-text, black)}

The reason for this is kind of obvious. Whenever a button is clicked, we will change the value of both variables within the document.

Upon this change, the overall style of the page will be updated. Easy-peasy.

So, let’s go ahead and handle the update from JavaScript.

Getting into the JavaScript

I’ll go ahead and spit out all the JavaScript needed for this project.

const root = document.documentElement const themeBtns = document.querySelectorAll('.theme > button')themeBtns.forEach((btn) => { btn.addEventListener('click', handleThemeUpdate)})function handleThemeUpdate(e) { switch(e.target.value) { case 'dark': root.style.setProperty('--bg', 'black') root.style.setProperty('--bg-text', 'white') break case 'calm': root.style.setProperty('--bg', '#B3E5FC') root.style.setProperty('--bg-text', '#37474F') break case 'light': root.style.setProperty('--bg', 'white') root.style.setProperty('--bg-text', 'black') break }}

Don’t let that scare you. It’s a lot easier than you probably think.

First off, keep a reference to the root element, const root = document.documentElement

The root element here is the HTML element. You’ll see why this is important in a bit. If you’re curious, it is needed to set the new values of the CSS variables.

Also, keep a reference to the buttons too, const themeBtns = document.querySelectorAll('.theme > button')

querySelectorAll yields an array-like data structure we can loop over. Iterate over each of the buttons and add an event listener to them, upon click.

Here’s how:

themeBtns.forEach((btn) => { btn.addEventListener('click', handleThemeUpdate)})

Where’s the handleThemeUpdate function? I’ll discuss that next.

Every button being clicked will have the handleThemeUpdate as its callback function. It becomes important to note what button was clicked and then perform the right operation.

In the light of that, a switch operator is used, and some operations are carried out based on the value of the button being clicked.

Go ahead and take a second look at the block of JavaScript code. You’ll understand it a lot better now.

Project 3: Building the CSS Variable Booth ?

In case you missed it, here’s what we’ll build:

Remember that the color of the boxes are dynamically updated, and that the box container is rotated in 3d space as the range input is changed.

You can go ahead and play with it on Codepen.

This is a superb example of updating CSS variables with JavaScript and the reactivity that comes with it.

Let’s see how to build this.

The Markup

Here are the needed components.

1. A range input
2. A container to hold the instructions
3. A section to hold a list of other boxes, each containing input fields

The markup turns out simple.

Here it is:

  Move this ?  ;   ?? Move the slider
?? Write any color in the red boxes  

Here are a few things to point your attention to.

1. The range input represents values from -50 to 50 with a step value of 5 Also, the value of the range input is the minimum value, -50
2. If you aren’t sure how the range input works, check it out on w3schools
3. Note how the section with class .color-boxes contains other .color-box containers. Within these containers exist input fields.
4. It is perhaps worth mentioning that the first input has a default value of red.

Having understood the structure of the document, go ahead and style it like so:

1. Take the .slider and .instructions containers out of the document flow. Position them absolutely.
2. Give the body element a sunrise background color and garnish the background with a flower in the bottom left corner
3. Position the color-boxes container in the center
4. Style the color-boxes container

Let’s knock these off.

The following will fix the first task.

/* Slider */.slider,.instructions { position: absolute; background: rgba(0,0,0,0.4); padding: 1rem 2rem; border-radius: 5px}.slider { right: 10px; top: 10px;}.slider > * { display: block;}/* Instructions */.instructions { text-align: center; bottom: 0; background: initial; color: black;}

The code snippet isn’t as complex as you think. I hope you can read through and understand it. If not, drop a comment or tweet.

Styling the body is a little more involved. Hopefully, you understand CSS well.

Since we aspire to style the element with a background color and a background image, it’s perhaps the best bet to use the background shorthand property to set multiple backgrounds.

Here it is:

body { margin: 0; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.9); background: url('//bit.ly/2FiPrRA') 0 100%/340px no-repeat, var(--primary-color); font-family: 'Shadows Into Light Two', cursive;}

The url bit is the link to the sunrise flower.

The next set of properties 0 100% represent the background position of the image.

Here’s an illustration of how CSS background positioning works:

The other bit after the forward slash represents the background-size This has been set to 340px If you made this smaller, the image would be smaller too.

no-repeat, you might figure out what that does. It prevents the background from repeating itself.

Finally, anything that comes after the comma is a second background declaration. This time we’ve only set the background-color to var(primary-color)

Oops, that’s a variable.

The implication of this is that you have to define the variable. Here’s how:

:root { --primary-color: rgba(241,196,15 ,1)}

The primary color there is the sunrise yellow color. No big deal. We’ll set some more variables in there soon.

Now, let’s center the color-boxes

main.booth { min-height: 100vh; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center;}

The main container acts as a flex container and rightly positions the direct child in the center of the page. This happens to be our beloved color-box container

Let’s make the color-boxes container and its children elements pretty.

First, the child elements:

.color-box { padding: 1rem 3.5rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.2); border-radius: 0.3rem; box-shadow: 10px 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.4); }

That will do it. There’s a beautiful shadow added too. That’ll get us some cool effects.

That is not all. Let’s style the overall container-boxes container:

/* Color Boxes */.color-boxes { background: var(--secondary-color); box-shadow: 10px 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.4); border-radius: 0.3rem; transform: perspective(500px) rotateY( calc(var(--slider) * 1deg)); transition: transform 0.3s}

Oh my!

There’s a lot in there.

Let me break it down.

Here’s the simple bit:

.color-boxes { background: var(--secondary-color); box-shadow: 10px 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.4); border-radius: 0.3rem;}

You know what that does, huh?

There’s a new variable in there. That should be taken of by adding it to the root selector.

:root { --primary-color: rgba(241,196,15 ,1); --secondary-color: red;}

The secondary color is red. This will give the container a red background.

Now to the part that probably confused you:

/* Color Boxes */.color-boxes { transform: perspective(500px) rotateY( calc(var(--slider) * 1deg)); transition: transform 0.3s}

For a moment, we could simplify the value of the transform property above.

For example:

transform: perspective(500px) rotateY( 30deg);

The transform shorthand applies two different functions. One, the perspective, and the other, the rotation along the Y axis.

Hmmm, so what’s the deal with the perspective and rotateY functions?

The perspective() function is applied to an element that is being transformed in 3D space. It activates the three dimensional space and gives the element depth along the z-axis.

You can read more about the perspective function on codrops.

The rotateY function, what’s the deal with that?

Upon activation the 3d space, the element has the planes x, y, z. The rotateY function rotates the element along the Y plane.

The following diagram from codrops is really helpful for visualizing this.

I hope that blew off some of the steam.

Back to where we started.

When you move the slider, do you know what function affects the rotation of the .container-box?

It’s the rotateY function being invoked. The box is rotated along the Y axis.

Since the value passed into the rotateY function will be updated via JavaScript, the value is represented with a variable.

So, why multiply by the variable by 1deg?

As a general rule of thumb, and for explicit freedom, it is advised that when building single tokens, you store values in your variables without units.

You can convert them to any unit you want by doing a multiplication via the calc function.

This allows you to do ‘whatever’ you want with these values when you have them. Want to convert to deg or as a ratio of the user’s viewport vw , you can whatever you want.

In this case, we are converting the number to have a degree by multiplying the “number” value by 1deg

Since CSS doesn’t understand math, you have to pass this arithmetic into the calc function to be properly evaluated by CSS.

Once that is done, we’re good to go. The value of this variable can be updated in JavaScript as much as we like.

Now, there’s just one bit of CSS remaining.

Here it is:

/* Handle colors for each color box */.color-box:nth-child(1) { background: var(--bg-1)}.color-box:nth-child(2) { background: var(--bg-2)}.color-box:nth-child(3) { background: var(--bg-3)}.color-box:nth-child(4) { background: var(--bg-4)}.color-box:nth-child(5) { background: var(--bg-5)}.color-box:nth-child(6) { background: var(--bg-6)}

So, what’s this voodoo?

First off, the nth-child selector selects each of the child boxes.

There’s a bit of foresight needed here. We know we will be updating the background color of each box. We also know that this background color has to be represented by a variable so it is accessible via JavaScript. Right?

We could go ahead and do this:

.color-box:nth-child(1) { background: var(--bg-1)}

Easy.

There’s one problem though. If this variable isn’t present, what happens?

We need a fallback.

This works:

.color-box:nth-child(1) { background: var(--bg-1, red)}

In this particular case, I have chosen NOT to provide any fallbacks.

If a variable used within a property value is invalid, the property will take on its initial value.

Consequently, when --bg-1 is invalid or NOT available, the background will default to its initial value of transparent.

Initial values refer to the values of a property when they aren’t explicitly set. For example, if you don’t set the background-color of an element, it will default to transparent

Initial values are kind of default property values.

Let’s write some JavaScript

There’s very little we need to do on the JavaScript side of things.

First let’s handle the slider.

We just need 5 lines for that!

const root = document.documentElementconst range = document.querySelector('.booth-slider')//as slider range's value changes, do something range.addEventListener('input', handleSlider)function handleSlider (e) { let value = e.target.value root.style.setProperty('--slider', value)}

That was easy, huh?

Let me explain just in case I lost you.

First off, keep a reference to the slider element, const range = document.querySelector('.booth-slider')

Set up an event listener for when the value of the range input changes, range.addEventListener('input', handleSlider)

Write the callback, handleSlider

function handleSlider (e) { let value = e.target.value root.style.setProperty('--slider', value)}

root.style.setProperty('--slider', value) says, get the root element (HTML) , grab its style, and set a property on it.

Handling the color changes

This is just as easy as handling the slider value change.

Here’s how:

const inputs = document.querySelectorAll('.color-box > input')

//as the value in the input changes, do something.inputs.forEach(input => { input.addEventListener('input', handleInputChange)})function handleInputChange (e) { let value = e.target.value let inputId = e.target.parentNode.id let inputBg = `--bg-${inputId}` root.style.setProperty(inputBg, value)}

Keep a reference to all the text inputs, const inputs = document.querySelectorAll('.color-box > input')

Set up an event listener on all the inputs:

inputs.forEach(input => { input.addEventListener('input', handleInputChange)})

Write the handleInputChange function:

function handleInputChange (e) { let value = e.target.value let inputId = e.target.parentNode.id let inputBg = `--bg-${inputId}` root.style.setProperty(inputBg, value)}

Phew…

That’s it!

Project’s done.

How did I miss this?

I had completed and edited the initial draft of this article when I noticed I didn’t mention browser support anywhere. So, let me fix my mess.

Browser support for CSS variables (aka custom properties) isn’t bad at all. It’s pretty good, with decent support across all modern browsers (over 87% at the time of this writing).

So, can you use CSS variables in production today? I’ll say yes! Be sure to check what the adoption rate is for yourself, though.

On the bright side, you can use a preprocessor like Myth. It’ll preprocess your ‘future’ CSS into something you use today. How cool, huh?

If you have some experience using postCSS, that’s equally a great way to use future CSS today. Here’s a postCSS module for CSS variables.

That’s it. I’m done here.

Oops, but I’ve got Questions!

Get the Ebook for offline reading, and also get a private slack invite where you can ask me anything.

That’s a fair deal, right?

Catch you later! ?